Timeline of programming languages

This is a chronological list of programming languages.

1950

* 1952 A-0 -- Hopper 1954 Mark I Autocode -- Brooker A-0 1954 ARITH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 MATH-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FLOW-MATIC -- Hopper A-0 1955 FORTRAN -- Backus 1956 Information Processing Language -- Newell, Shaw, Simon FLOW-MATIC 1957 COMTRAN -- Bemer FORTRAN 1958 FORTRAN II -- Backus FORTRAN 1958 Algol 58 * 1959 LISP McCarthy

1960

FLOW-MATIC COMTRAN 1960 COBOL The Codasyl Committee ALGOL 1960 Algol 60 ALGOL 1960 JOSS FORTRAN II 1962 FORTRAN IV * 1962 APL -- Iverson ALGOL60 1962 Simula FORTRAN II 1962 SNOBOL -- Griswold, et al. ALGOL60 1963 CPL -- Barron, Strachey, et al. SNOBOL 1962 SNOBOL3 -- Griswold, et al. CPL LISP 1964 COWSEL Burstall, Popplestone ALGOL60 1964 PL/1 IBM team FORTRAN II, JOSS 1964 BASIC -- Kemeny and Kurtz FORTRAN II 1966 FORTRAN IV LISP 1966 ISWIM Landin ALGOL60 1966 CORAL66 Real Time version of Algol 60 CPL 1967 BCPL -- Richards Fortran LISP 1967 MUMPS -- Massachusetts General Hospital Simula 1967 Simula67 SNOBOL3 1967 SNOBOL4 -- Griswold, et al. Algol60 1968 ALGOL 68 -- Wijngaarten, et al. COWSEL 1968 POP-1 -- Burstall, Popplestone

1968 Forth -- Moore (first paper, 1970) Lisp 1968 Logo -- Papert

1970

POP-1 1970 POP-2 ALGOL60 1971 Pascal -- Wirth, Jensen Simula67 1972 Smalltalk Environment -- Smalltalk--Digitalk B BCPL 1972 C -- Ritchie * 1973 PROLOG -- Colmeraurer BASIC 1973 COMAL LISP 1975 Scheme -- Sussman, Steele BASIC 1975 Altair BASIC -- Gates, Allen C FORTRAN 1976 RATFOR -- Kernighan MUMPS 1977 X11.1 ANSI Standard MUMPS

FORTRAN IV 1978 FORTRAN77 ( * 1978 VISICALC -- Bricklin, Frankston) C SNOBOL 1979 Awk -- Aho, Kernighan ( * 1979 VULCAN DBASE-II -- Ratliff ) Algol68 1979 Green -- Ichbiah et al., US Dept of Defense

1980

C Simula67 1980 C with Classes -- Stroustrup Simula67 1980 Smalltalk-80 -- Digitalk Green 1983 Ada -- US Dept of Defense C with Classes 1983 C++ -- Stroustrup Pascal 1983 Turbo Pascal -- Hejlsberg * 1984 Standard ML ML = Meta-Language 1977MUMPS 1985 1984 MUMPS ( dBase 1984 CLIPPER -- Nantucket ) ( dBase 1985 PARADOX -- Borland ) Simula67 1986 Eiffel -- Meyer ( * 1987 HyperCard -- Apple ) ( * 1987 SQL-1 ) Awk 1987 Perl -- Wall MATLAB 1988 Octave dBase-III 1988 dBaseIV Awk Lisp 1988 Tcl -- Ousterhout Turbo-Pascal 1989 Turbo-Pascal+OOP -- Borland C 1989 Standard C -- ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990) Pascal Modula-II 1989 OBERON -- Wirth

1990

                    1990  Haskell
         1984MUMPS  1990  1990 MUMPS        
                    1991  Python -- van Rossum
                    1991  Q
           ( SQL-1  1992  SQL-2 )
  Turbo-Pascal OOP  1992  Borland Pascal
                    1993  Brainfuck -- Mueller
    Perl Smalltalk  1993  Ruby
                    1993  Lua
            Ada 83  1995  Ada 95 -- ISO
    Borland Pascal  1995  Delphi(1) -- Borland
  C++ Internet OOP  1995  Java -- Sun Microsystems
         1990MUMPS  1995  1995 MUMPS 
    Standard ML,84  1997  SML'97  
             PHP 3  1997  PHP
            Scheme  1997  Pico -- Free University of Brussels
               C++  1998  C++98 -- ANSI/ISO Standard C++

2000

2000 Joy -- von Thun C C++ COM Java 2000 C# -- Microsoft DELPHI(5) 2001 KYLIX -- Borland Whitespace 2003 Whitespace -- Brady and Morris

Things with unknown or questionable dates:

                 *  197?  sh (Bourne Shell) -- Bourne
                sh  19??  ksh (Korn Shell) -- Korn
               ksh  199?  zsh (Z Shell)
          HyperCard 199?  AppleScript -- Apple
                  * 1990  Self -- Sun Microsystems Inc
          Self Java 199?  LiveScript -- Brendan Eich, Netscape (Self inspired, made for Java interactions)
         LiveScript 1995  JavaScript -- Netscape
         JavaScript 1997  ECMAScript -- ECMA TC39-TG1
                    2003  Rikstation

Legend:

OLD    <> NEW
Predecessor(s) etc   YEAR  PRODUCT -- developer, Company
(   Item  ) non 'universal programming language'
*   newly developededition